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In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts.
Fluid catalytic cracking is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the highboiling point, highmolecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils into more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases, and other products. Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking, which has been almost completely replaced by
#0183;#32;A mechanical means must be used to move the catalyst from one part of the process to another. In newer plants, air (lift air) or combustion gases from the catalyst regeneration are used to move the catalyst from one place to another. In FCC and moving bed cracking, catalyst is regenerated in an area separate from the reaction.
Other articles where Catalytic cracking is discussed: petroleum refining: Catalytic cracking: The use of thermal cracking units to convert gas oils into naphtha dates from before 1920. These units produced small quantities of unstable naphthas and large amounts of byproduct coke. While they succeeded in providing a small increase in gasoline yields, it was
Chemistry of Catalytic Cracking. As opposed to thermal cracking governed by free radicals, catalytic cracking proceeds through the formation of ionic species on catalyst surfaces, and produces shorter, but branchedchain (not straightchain) alkanes by cracking the long straightchain alkanes.
The present work involves the synthesis of a petroleumbased fuel by the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics. Catalytic pyrolysis involves the degradation of the polymeric materials by heating them in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a catalyst. In the present study different oil samples are produced using different catalysts under different reaction conditions from waste plastics.
Use of a catalyst in the cracking reaction increases the yield of highquality products under much less severe operating conditions than in thermal cracking. Several complex reactions are involved, but the principal mechanism by which longchain hydrocarbons are cracked into lighter products can be explained by the carbonium ion theory.
#0183;#32;Petroleum refining catalysts are expensive materials and are protected by refinery staff to ensure long reactivity life. Controlling the impurities present in the feedstock crude oil streams being processed, controlling operational conditions, minimizing inprocess contamination sources and insuring that processing aides and cleaning processes and products do not cause undue presence of
Catalytic cracking is an important process in the oil industry where petroleum vapor passes through a lowdensity bed of catalyst, which causes the heavier fractions to crack producing lighter more valuable products. In the petrochemicals industry they are used for producing polyolefins on a very large scale.
#0183;#32;Cracking is a reaction in which larger saturated hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of
Catalytic cracking | chemical process | Britannica
Chemistry of Catalytic Cracking. As opposed to thermal cracking governed by free radicals, catalytic cracking proceeds through the formation of ionic species on catalyst surfaces, and produces shorter, but branchedchain (not straightchain) alkanes by cracking the long straightchain alkanes.
Fluid Catalytic Cracking VII:: Volume by Occelli,, available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide. Refiners'' efforts to conform to increasingly stringent laws and a preference for fuels derived from renewable sources have mandated changes in fluid cracking catalyst technology.
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a process which converts heavy fractions of petroleum oil to lighter products which are in greater demand. Modern FCC catalysts consist of zeolite in a porous matrix. These catalyst particles are mechanically degraded by attrition which leads to the generation of fines.
#183; Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the major conversion technologies in the oil refinery industry. FCC currently produces the majority of the world''s. Recent advances in molecular biology have extended our understanding of the metabolic processes related to microbial transformation of petroleum
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